Ampoule and vial are sealed glass containers commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. They are used to hold injections, vaccines, serums and other chemical drugs. They are divided into different volumes according to different needs. The materials of ampoules mainly include the following two types:
1. Borosilicate glass: The reason why ampoules are made of borosilicate glass is mainly related to its excellent properties, which make it very suitable for pharmaceutical packaging.
(1) Chemical stability: Borosilicate glass has excellent acid and alkali resistance. It will not react chemically when it is not used to hold drugs, thus maintaining the stability and effectiveness of the drugs.
(2) Thermal stability: Borosilicate glass has extremely strong heat resistance and is not easily broken by temperature changes. This is especially important for drugs that need to be stored and transported at different temperatures.
(3) Mechanical strength: Borosilicate glass has high mechanical strength and can withstand impact and wear during transportation and use, but it should also avoid violent collisions.
(4) Transparency: Borosilicate glass has good transparency, which is convenient for observing the properties and color of drugs, ensuring that the drugs have not deteriorated before use, and can improve the aesthetics.
(5) Sealing: Borosilicate glass can form a good seal through the melting process to prevent drug leakage and contamination, and can package liquids for sterility.
2. Soda glass
Soda glass is mainly composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), sodium oxide (Na₂O) and calcium oxide (CaO). Because of its low cost and easy production, it is widely used in window glass, bottles and ordinary tableware. In addition, soda glass has good transparency, high light refractive index and reflectivity, and good chemical stability. These properties make it suitable for the manufacture of various glass products, including ampoules. Ampoules are small glass bottles used to hold liquid drugs, which usually need to have good sealing and chemical stability. These properties of soda glass make it an ideal material for making ampoules. But it is still far behind borosilicate glass.
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